CM 1010-07E, BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS (CM1010-07E) Essay - 8

CM 1010-07E, BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS (CM1010-07E) - Essay Example ies that make visual aids effective is the information that the presentation contains along with the ability of the presenter to make the presentation as interactive as possible. The information requires being of high quality. Using audio visuals aids in presentations requires that there is a simple use of drawings and visuals need to be to scale. Also there should be god use of colour and pictures, and the information provided in the presentation should be able to meet up to the amount a human brain can grasp at a time. Also there should be selective use of effect and it is essential that presenters use effects which are not too jarring. Also it is essential to avoid the ‘noise’, i.e. the unnecessary information that comes along with the message. Thus an effective use of visual aids is when there is not over usage of the effects and the presentation is with useful and relevant information which is what the audience

Late Roman, Early Christian and Byzantine Art Essay - 2

Late Roman, Early Christian and Byzantine Art - Essay Example On looking at its interior central upper walls, decorations denoting four pairs of apostles are well placed (Ricci 22). On careful scrutiny, one could not fail to recognize the St. Paul and St. Paul. In addition, this central upper walls in the bay have the apostles acclaiming a given giant cross right at the dome center against the sky blue appearance of the stars (Ricci 23). These apostles appear to be placed floating among clouds. The other bunch of apostles exists in the barrel vaults in the interior of that building (Ricci 24). A careful scrutiny of the lunette existing in the north entrance depicts Christ mosaic depicting a good shepherd taking care of his flock. In his arms, an imperial staff appears to be joined to the given Christian cross, supposing symbolizing a combination of heavenly and earthly domains (Ricci 25). Over the South wall, another lunette can be view, but this one depicting St. Lawrence standing close to a given flaming gridiron (Ricci 27). The gridiron has on its opposite side a bookcase which appears to contain four books. These books have inscribed names of evangelists (Ricci 28). The interior provides a serene atmosphere for Christians as they are made to have their hearts

Evolution of the Stupa in Buddhist Architectural History Essay

Evolution of the Stupa in Buddhist Architectural History - Essay Example most of which were built by Ashok Maurya2. He is reported to have built about 84,000 stupas using the earthen bounds and other materials. However, some of these stupas were damaged later on during the break of Maurya Empire. The best-known stupas are those built at Sanchi, Gaya, Amaravati, and Barhut. However, stupas constructed at Sanchi by Ashoka (273-236 B.C.) are arguably the most striking and remaining stupas of the three3. Situated at the top of the hill, these magnificent stupas have been preserved to show the various stages that the Buddhist architecture and art have developed since the first stupa was constructed in the third century B.C. Report indicates that some of the stupas built by Ashoka at Sanchi were damaged during Maury Empire’s break-up4. However, the damaged stupas were later put up in the second century during the reign of Sungas. Unlike before where stupas were only preserved for important activities, stupas of the second century underwent improvements a nd enlargements, in which a stone railing was constructed around it5. In addition, the newly constructed stupas were embellished with several curved gateways. Le reveals that the Great Stupa is fitted with a large hemispherical flat-topped dome6. At the dome’s basement is a circular terrace, which is meant for circumambulation and an encompassing balustrade. The ground level, on the other hand, has a stone-paved procession gateway, as well as a stone balustrade and steps leading to the circular terrace. The stupa measures approximately 36.60 meters wide and about 16.46 meters tall7. Walls of this stupa are made of mud mortar and burnt ricks. However, it is thought that the elaborate curved Torana were constructed with either metal or ivory in the first century B.C. during king Satakarni’s reign8. This structure later went through different stages of improvements particularly in the fourth century A.D. during the reign of Gupta in which four additional Buddhas calmly si ted in the dhyana were installed at the four entrances. Another big stupa was constructed at Barhut in the 2nd century B.C. during the reign of Sunga. This stupa, like other stupas of this period, had a hemispherical dome made of bricks9. In addition, this stupa was surmounted by a shaft, which arguably signified the spiritual sovereignty of Buddhism. It is also evident that the railing surrounding the stupas is made of red sandstone.10 Moreover, scenes representing the life of Buddha and the Jataka Tales are curved on the entrance, uprights, crossbars, and pillars of the railings. Report also indicates that several other stupas were constructed during this period. In fact, one of the most striking features from the stupa found in Nagajunakonda and Amaravati show that stupas of the northern region were quite different in structure from those of the south11. In this regard, it is evident that there was a shift from the famous Buddhist style, which was purely based on the two dominant Buddhism- Mahayana and Hinayana. Le notes that different styles and trends were used here which gave rise to new forms of architecture such as a square and rectangular image shrine, quadrangular monastery a small stupa on a square platform and pillared hall12. Le notes

Late Roman, Early Christian and Byzantine Art Essay - 2

Late Roman, Early Christian and Byzantine Art - Essay Example On looking at its interior central upper walls, decorations denoting four pairs of apostles are well placed (Ricci 22). On careful scrutiny, one could not fail to recognize the St. Paul and St. Paul. In addition, this central upper walls in the bay have the apostles acclaiming a given giant cross right at the dome center against the sky blue appearance of the stars (Ricci 23). These apostles appear to be placed floating among clouds. The other bunch of apostles exists in the barrel vaults in the interior of that building (Ricci 24). A careful scrutiny of the lunette existing in the north entrance depicts Christ mosaic depicting a good shepherd taking care of his flock. In his arms, an imperial staff appears to be joined to the given Christian cross, supposing symbolizing a combination of heavenly and earthly domains (Ricci 25). Over the South wall, another lunette can be view, but this one depicting St. Lawrence standing close to a given flaming gridiron (Ricci 27). The gridiron has on its opposite side a bookcase which appears to contain four books. These books have inscribed names of evangelists (Ricci 28). The interior provides a serene atmosphere for Christians as they are made to have their hearts

Famous People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Famous People - Essay Example This paper argues that the famous people deserve to have a private life without journalists following them at all times. Famous people and private life One of the prominent figures of the twentieth century, Princess Diana, wife of Prince Charles, died in a car accident in 1997 when the paparazzi or yellow newspaper journalists followed her for knowing more about her private life. â€Å"Later tests showed the driver had been well over the legal alcohol limit, but immediate blame was on the photographers and their seemingly incessant quest to capture images of Diana that could be sold to the press†(Lewis, 2011). In other words, Princess Diana suffered death because of the over ambitions of the paparazzi to make more money by selling hot news about the private life of Diana. Diana and her newly found friend Dodi were inside the car and the photographers followed or chased Diana’s car in an attempt to take hot pictures which resulted in the car accident. The above incident clearly shows that there are instances in which famous people forced to face death because of the unethical behaviors of the journalists. Nobody likes to reveal anything about their private life. Famous people spend most of their times in the lime lights of the media.

Master Budgeting with Supporting Schedule Essay Example for Free

Master Budgeting with Supporting Schedule Essay Cravat Sales Company, a nationwide distributor of a designer’s silk ties with an exclusive franchise on the distribution of the ties, and sales have grown rapidly over the last few years. Your have been given responsibility for all planning and budgeting. Your assignment is to prepare a master budget for the next 3 months, starting April 1st. You are anxious to make a favorable impression on the president and have assembled the information below. The company desires a minimum ending cash balance each month of ,000. The ties are sold to retailers for $8 each. Recent and forecasted sales in units are as follows: The large buildup in sales before and during June is due to Father’s Day. Ending inventories are supposed to equal 90% of the next month’s sales in units. The ties cost the company $5 each. Purchases are paid for as follows: 50% in the month of purchase, and the remaining 50% in the following month All sales are on credit, with no discount, and payable within 15 days, however, only 25% of a month’s sales are collected by month-end. An additional 50% is collected in the following month, and the remaining 25% is collected in the second month following sale. Bad debts have been negligible. The company’s monthly selling and administrative expenses are given below: Variable monthly expenses: Sales commissions (per unit)$1.00 Fixed monthly expenses: Wages and salaries$22,000.00 Utilities$14,000.00 Insurance$1,200.00 Depreciation$1,500.00 Miscellaneous$3,000.00 All selling and administrative expenses are paid during the month, in cash, with the exception of depreciation and insurance expired. Land will be purchased during May for $25,000 cash. The company declares dividends of $12,000 each quarter, payable in the first month of the following quarter. The company’s balance sheet at March 31 is given below: The company has an agreement with a bank that allows it to borrow in increments of $1,000 at the beginning of each month, up to a total loan balance of $40,000. The interest rate on these loans is 1% per month, and for simplicity, we will assume that interest is not compounded. At the end of the quarter, the company would pay the bank all of the accumulated interest on the loan and as much of the loan as possible (in increments of $1,000), while still retaining at least $10,000 in cash. Assignments: Prepare a master budget for the three-month period ending June 30, including: * sales budget by month and in total * schedule of expected cash collections from sales, by month and in total * merchandise purchases budget in units and in dollars, by month and in total * schedule of expected cash disbursements for merchandise purchases, by month and in total * cash budget by month and in total * budgeted income statement for the three-month period ending June 30, with the contribution approach * budgeted balance sheet as of June 30 Solutions: Based on the sale forecast from April to July and the expected cash collection portions in each month (25% 50% 25%) , a sales budget ,a schedule of expected cash collections from sales, a merchandise purchases budget and schedule of expected cash disbursements were calculated and displayed in Table 1. Table 1 – Cravat Sales Company Expected sales, cash collections, and cash disbursements for merchandise purchases Unit: USD The Cravat Sales Company was expected to spend $195,750, $256,250, and $251,250 in cash for purchasing of merchandises in April, May, and June respectively. Totally, it would spend $703,250 within the 2nd quarter. In the first attempt to forecast the cash funding, we found that the company could not borrow less than $40,000 per month as agreed with the bank while maintaining the minimum ending cash balance of $10,000 at the same time. If comply only the borrowing limit, it would keep marginal cash of $2,250 in hands by end of April and suffer severe cash shortage of $37,000 by the end of May.

The Impact Of Globalisation For Children

The Impact Of Globalisation For Children Introduction There are varying definitions of globalisation as it spans across a wide spectrum affecting many aspects of our lives. For this paper, it will focus on evaluating the inferred consequences of globalisation on children and families including poverty, economic growth, political organisations, migration and displacements, inequality, climate change and cultural influence. The challenges faced by children and families are onerous. Whatever the implications and effects, children are most vulnerable. Their lives depend on what we do for them in this age of globalisation. They are our future and how we deal with the various components of globalisation, will affect the future. Political The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), 1989, acts as a paramount umbrella that sets minimum standards for governments to uphold childrens rights to basic needs, healthcare, education, legal and social services in their countries. Currently organisations such as United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF), World Bank, World Health Organisation (WHO) and other Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) support developing countries with infrastructural and financial assistance to alleviate poverty and provide care and education to under developing children. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) support developed countries in investing into building human and social capital to increase skills and knowledge to tackle famine. While governments in developed countries take a pro-active role in promoting and establishing national frameworks in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC), these services are operated by private entrepreneurs in developing countries. Equity and accessibility becomes questionable as political alliances between countries and organisations set their own agendas marginalising resource poor countries. For instance, the World Bank, with the US as its biggest investor, works with private corporations serving the interests of rich nations by exploiting the cheap labour and resources from the developing countries. Funds could be better used to assist in raising the standard of living and improve the lives of families and children in poor and developing countries. Economic Economic growth is pivotal to lifting people above the basic sustenance level in developing countries. But focus on economic growth alone does not reduce poverty. Save The Children, 2010, argues that without a more nuanced discussion on the relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction, children will not fully gain from the potential benefits of growth. Unequal distribution of wealth and benefits is hampering the banishment of poverty. Policies that favour labour intensive industries such as agriculture and small enterprises have a greater effect on poverty than growth in the financial services. Money may be flooding into the country but only to a select few stand to gain. In terms of child mortality and combating under-nutrition, countries that record moderate economic growth fare the best; those with poor growth had worse results; but surprisingly, countries with outstanding rate of growth did not fare very well (Gabriele and Schettino, 2007). Recent statistics released estimated over 40% reductions in global under-five mortality rate since 1990 (IGME, 2012). Notwithstanding a higher indicator of life chances for children across the globe, the continual widening income gap will cause a reversal in the current improvement of mortality rate. Policies should target specific elements of pro-poor growth strategies that promote equality, redistribution and eradication of poverty. Ultimately, it is the improvement of the quality of life for the poor that matters; where children are given their rightful place in education, child growth, health and opportunities to further their future. Climate Change Climate change has been identified as the biggest global health threat to children in the 21st century (Save the Children, 2009). The Greenhouse effects largely caused by human activities are now experienced by countries throughout the world. The impact made by climate change on food security, healthcare, clean water supply and livelihoods has a profound influence on urbanisation, migration, poverty and armed conflict. Climate change affects national healthcare budgets. Less developed countries already buffeted by the disintegration of healthcare services and infrastructure; grapple with any crippling effects of climate change affecting the economy. The sum effect put children and their families at greatest risk. Children under 5 years are most vulnerable to its consequences. Poor families could be pushed into the deeper end of their troubles bringing about long term consequences on their childrens survival. Millions of children in affected areas suffer from malnutrition and babies are born malnourished and/or with anomalies. For example, children from the poorest 20% of households in many developing countries have up to 5 times the mortality rate of children from the richest 20% households (DHS, 2009). Migration and Displacement Globally, there is an increase in economic migration driven by income disparities, exploitation, and demand for labour. Mass migration leads to growing urbanisation because it is perceived to offer more stability for people who come from agricultural and natural resource-based livelihoods. It is estimated that millions of urban-dwellers in low and middle income countries are living in poverty with lack of access to clean water and decent sanitation (UN-Habitat, 2003). Slums and overcrowding plague many cities where poorly constructed homes and densely populated areas pose greater risks of fires, disease outbreaks and disasters endangering many children. Millions, both poor and affluent, could be displaced by the next 40 to 50 years due to climate change. While most will move within their own countries, many will also cross international borders (UNFCCC, 2008). A research by Save the Children, 2008, found that children tend to move independently or with their parents due to war, natural disasters or to support their families. Moving alone to escape from poverty, exploitation, calamities, pursuing better educational or job opportunities can pose grave dangers for children as they face the risk of exploitation and abuse. The influx of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers to any given country threatens the local infrastructure as it leads to competitive scrambling of health, education and shelter resources which will have serious impact on child survival. Inequality and Social Injustice The richest 5% people in the world receive 114 times the income of the poorest 5% population (Kirby, 2006). The globalisation trend of widening income gap is altering the structures of families, economies and society. Such persistent disparity would result in dire consequences for families and their children in terms of security and social stability. Compared to the poor, children and families from affluent households have better access to healthcare, education, legal and social services. Gender inequality is prevalent in most patriarchal societies. If one gender is considered more economically and socially viable than another, resources would be unequally distributed. Access to services is limited for women and girls in societies where the male gender receives preferential treatment. Globalisation is creating a ballooning underclass that is struggling due to growing income gaps and lack of job opportunities. This presents an ideal environment for international criminal syndicates who are spreading cancerous crimes that exploit and victimise women and children e.g. drug trafficking, human trafficking, illegal trade. Shift in Family Structure Globalisation has reshaped family structures into a more diverse profile. It has altered the roles of parents, women, family structure, and child rearing practices. Today, the traditional role of women as caregivers can be assumed by fathers, extended families, guardians and domestic helps. As more women join the workforce, demand for early childhood services increases provided they are accessible, affordable and of quality. In most patriarchal societies, expectations of child rearing remain the mainstay of women while work, whether formal or informal, adds to their burden. The worldwide trend in increasing divorce rates is pushing the likelihood of single parenthood (usually headed by a woman) as an alternative viable lifestyle in developed and developing countries. Cultural Globalisation Mass migration further extends the perimeters of diversity in multicultural societies. Adjustment to new cultural framework causes transitional disequilibrium from set beliefs to new influences. Culture is transient. Throughout history, the retention, evolution or desertion of personal beliefs were outcomes of exchanges, religious conversions, conquests and colonisation. Cultural beliefs and practices affect family structure and function as well as childrens sense of identity and belonging. In many Asian and sub-Saharan societies, collective mentality is the prevalent social perspective; placing others before self. Child rearing is viewed as a shared responsibility within the interdependent community and such notion deters individualism. Western child rearing philosophies promotes individualism. The exposure of Western influences has not threatened the existence of indigenous cultures but its assimilation may be deemed beneficial. Media and Technology Globalisation facilitates cultural imperialism where the export of movies and music, particularly from the West, has widespread influence in the world. The advent of the internet extends the influence to a far wider reach exposing children to a myriad range of content which can be beneficial or detrimental. Consumer technology is another effect of globalisation. Computers and mobile phones have become an integral part of our lives especially in the affluent societies. Children today are much more conversant with technology. However, over-dependence and overuse of such devices by children could compromise their interactive and inter-personal skills development. The media coupled with technology are influential in shaping values, beliefs and lifestyle. Other Risk Factors AIDS today is a worldwide problem and globalisation has played no small part in the spread of this disease. Numbers are growing in Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Asia and Eastern Europe. AIDS through heterosexual transmission is prevalent in Africa. Globalisation through geographical mobility extends the spread of the HIV. Women and children with HIV in developing countries are ostracised from the community usually without or with little medical help. Wars not only destroy lives but have detrimental effects on children. Reduced food supply contributes to the lack of nutrition for children. Healthcare becomes scarce as priorities are diverted, for example, money spent on arms instead of vaccinations. Education opportunities are reduced in times of war. Children are separated from their families through death and evacuation usually leading to their abandonment. Conclusion The effects of globalisation affecting families and children are long term and far-reaching. The many issues raised merely highlights the complexities and never-ending debate as to what measures are needed and how they can be implemented for the improvement in quality of life and proper raising of children with the provision of at least the basic necessities. On the macro level, governments and international organisations with vast resources at their disposal, should question their commitment to help. They can certainly do more by putting aside differences, biasness and ulterior motives. Schools, service providers, parents and caregivers should continue to fulfil their responsibilities in making the best effort in the upbringing of children regardless of cultural bias and work demands.